"Here is what the U.S. Department of Energy says about polyurethane insulation in buildings:
Polyurethane is a closed-cell foam insulation material that contains a low-conductivity gas (usually hydrochlorofluorocarbons or HCFC) in its cells. The high thermal resistance of the gas gives polyurethane insulation materials an R-value typically around R-7 to R-8 per inch. Demilac HeatLok Soy is a soy based product that is sprayed on as liquid and hardens to a rigid foam. It can also be made into laminated insulation panels with a variety of facings.
We use a variety of Demilac Spray Foam products. Demilec (USA) LLC develops and manufactures some of the highest-performing foam polyurethane and polyurea products in the world. We at Arctic Spray Foam Insulation have been trained and certified by Demilac upon taking their certification programs at their world-class training services. Demilac and Arctic Spray Foam Insulation is committed to environmental protection and improvement and has supplemented SEALECTION® 500, their premium spray foam insulation, with more Green foam insulation products that are based in renewable and recyclable products. Arctic Spray Foam Insulation uses Demilac’s Green insulation spray foams as they provide superior performance and durability that far exceeds the standards of the U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System.
Sprayed or foamed-in-place applications of polyurethane insulation are usually cheaper than installing foam boards. These applications also usually perform better since the liquid foam molds itself to all of the surfaces.
All closed-cell polyurethane foam insulation made today is produced with a non-CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) gas as the foaming agent. Some polyurethane foam combines with a HCFC gas. These types don't insulate as well as insulation made with a CFC gas, but the non-CFC gas is less destructive to the ozone layer. However, these foams still have an aged R-6.5 per inch thickness. Their density is generally 2.0 lb/ft3 (32.0 kilograms per cubic meter [kg/m3]). There also are low-density open-cell polyurethane foams (0.5 lb/ft3 [8 kg/m3]). These foams are similar to conventional polyurethane foams, but are more flexible. Some low-density varieties use carbon dioxide (CO2) as the foaming agent.
Open Cell Spray Foam or low-density foams are sprayed into open wall cavities and rapidly expand to seal and fill the cavity. One manufacturer offers a slow-expanding foam, which is intended for cavities in existing homes. The liquid foam expands very slowly and thus reduces the chance of damaging the wall from over expansion. The foam is water-vapor permeable, remains flexible, and is resistant to wicking of moisture. It provides good air sealing and yields about R-3.6 per inch of thickness. It is also fire resistant and won't sustain a flame."